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Overlapping consensus is a term coined by John Rawls in ''A Theory of Justice'' and developed in ''Political Liberalism''. The term refers to how supporters of different comprehensive normative doctrines—that entail apparently inconsistent conceptions of justice—can agree on particular principles of justice that underwrite a political community's basic social institutions. Comprehensive doctrines can include systems of religion, political ideology, or morality. Rawls explains that an overlapping consensus on principles of justice can occur despite "considerable differences in citizens' conceptions of justice provided that these conceptions lead to similar political judgements."〔Rawls, John. ''A Theory of Justice''. (Revised Ed.) Harvard University Press, 1971, 1999, p. 340.〕 The groups are able to achieve this consensus in part by refraining from political/public disputes over fundamental (e.g. metaphysical) arguments regarding religion and philosophy. Rawls elaborates that the existence of an overlapping consensus on conceptions of justice among major social groups holding differing—yet reasonable—comprehensive doctrines is a necessary and distinctive characteristic of political liberalism. Rawls also explains that the overlapping consensus on principles of justice is itself a moral conception and is supported by moral reasoning—although the fundamental grounds of this support may differ for each of the various groups holding disparate comprehensive doctrines, and these lines of reasoning may also differ from the public reasons provided for supporting the principles. These latter features distinguish his idea of an overlapping consensus from a mere modus vivendi, which is a strategic agreement entered into for pragmatic purposes, and therefore potentially unprincipled and unstable.〔Rawls, John. ''Political Liberalism''. Columbia University Press, 1993, pp. 134-49.〕 The overlapping consensus could in sum be said to “depend, in effect, on there being a morally significant core of commitments common to the ‘reasonable’ fragment of each of the main comprehensive doctrines in the community”〔D'Agostino, Fred, "(Original Position )", ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Summer 2003 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).〕 ==See also== *''A Theory of Justice'' *''Political Liberalism'' *Justice as fairness *Public choice theory *Public reason 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「overlapping consensus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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